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Istanbul: A History, by David Jacobs
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For centuries, the inlet called the Golden Horn and the city on the hills overlooking it were situated in the middle of the known world. To the south, through the Dardanelles and the Aegean Sea, lay the Mediterranean, around which the Greek, Roman, Persian, and Arab worlds revolved. To the north, through the Bosporus, lay the Black Sea, with its Russian and eastern European coastline. And across the narrow Bosporus was Asia Minor, bridge to the Orient. Because of its strategic location, the city on the Golden Horn was coveted by a succession of different peoples. But even though it frequently was under siege, even though control of it often changed hands, and even though, indeed, it was conquered and leveled more than once, the city proved to be virtually immortal.
Founded nearly twenty-seven centuries ago as the Greek colony of Byzantium, the city was harassed by the barbaric Thracians, attacked by the Persians, vied for by the Athenians and Spartans. Weakened and dispirited, its citizens finally were forced to seek the protection of Rome, and the city became little more than a Roman outpost. Then, in the fourth century, the Roman Emperor Constantine I decided to build his capital on the site. It was in the new city of Constantinople that ancient Greco-Roman culture was married to Eastern Orthodox Christianity and that Western civilization became Christian civilization. As the center of the vast Byzantine Empire, the city was one of the richest and most important on earth. But because of its wealth, it was sacked by the Crusaders in 1204. And because of its strategic location, it was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
Since then, as the city of Istanbul, it has remained an international metropolis, a city of East and West, a city whose great paintings, mosaics, statuary, and architecture reflect the many cultures that have been centered there and the many ages the city has survived. Here is its story.
- Sales Rank: #246990 in eBooks
- Published on: 2015-12-10
- Released on: 2015-12-10
- Format: Kindle eBook
Most helpful customer reviews
28 of 28 people found the following review helpful.
good readable history of a magical city
By Mageditor
This is a very solid and readable book about that magical city on the Bosphorus -- Byzantium, Constantinople, Istanbul.
I appreciated that the author gave an objective view, not just from the Greek or Turk perspective. The first chapter on the famous 1453 siege of Constantinople includes a fascinating portrait of the 21-year-old leader of the Ottomans, Sultan Mehmet II, who was the son of a slave girl and Sultan Murad II. The father had originally neglected Mehmet, but the boy rose by cleverness and cruelty to become sultan at age 11, passing his more noble-born siblings.
I was interested to learn that many of the attackers in 1453 were actually European mercenaries, and that the countries of Western Europe did not do much to help Constantinople, which for many months had faced a slowly tightening siege. “At one-thirty on Tuesday morning [May 29], a terrifying chorus of battle cries arose from outside the walls… the men and many of the women rushed to the walls to try to stop the attackers…they again prayed for a miracle as they heard clanging bells, gunfire, screams, and the sounds of battle. Thousands upon thousands of Turkish fighters armed with swords, bows and arrows, and even slingshots, scaled the walls and pounded on the gates.”
Many of the women, children, and elderly took shelter in Hagia Sophia, the 1,000-year-old Church of the Holy Wisdom. “They heard the metal gates crashing to the ground. They watched the infidels storm through the sacred portals. Trapped and surrounded, the horrified Christians huddled in a mass toward the center of the church. The Turks murdered all of them - the very old, the very young, and the crippled. Groups of invaders moved toward the noblemen and the prettiest girls, argued over possession, and tore their victims to pieces.”
The second chapter goes back to review the ancient origins of the city and the successive attacks on it by Thracians, Athenians, Spartans, Rhodians, Macedonians, and Romans. The author did a good job of explaining why its location was so important – and why it was called "the city at the center of the world."
The next three chapters tell of the founding of Constantinople and its evolution into the Byzantine Empire. The Roman Emperor Constantine chose the site for his Eastern capital, and laid “the critical groundwork for establishing a city, an empire, and a civilization.” I was interested by the author’s assertion that in Western Europe, “Christian civilization absorbed the traditions of ethics, art, law, and language of Greece and Rome. But it was the Eastern Empire established by Constantine, not the West, that provided the main repository for these traditions…the East more than the West retained the riches of Classical culture.”
After the end of the Roman Empire in the West, “for 700 years, the city on the Golden Horn would influence the evolution of the arts, religion, government, and law in Western civilization." says Jacobs. "Constantinople served to bridge the cultures of East and West in a way that no later world capital ever duplicated.”
This is the best book on the city since Prof. Edwin Grosvenor's Constantinople.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Short but sweet.
By HCC
A quick read that provides an understanding of the history of Istanbul from Roman times to Byzantium to Constantinople to Istanbul. For me, the shorter length of the book encouraged me to read and learn something I might have otherwise overlooked.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Great overview
By Jennifer
The book is a quick read and over view of Istanbul's history. It helped refresh me on the sites and information I learned when I visited the cities in college.
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